Photocopy Machine Maintenance Manual
2530 / 2525 / 2520. Scanning from a Computer Operating the Machine from a Computer Customizing the Machine Settings. Download 232 Canon Copier PDF manuals. User manuals, Canon Copier Operating guides and Service manuals. Oct 10, 2013 - This machine is equipped standard with copy and print functions, and. To perform routine maintenance, and what to do when problems occur.
A photocopier in 2010 A ' photocopier' (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a that makes copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper. (Copiers can also use other technologies such as, but xerography is standard for office copying.) Earlier versions included the stencil duplicator, invented by in 1881. Commercial xerographic office photocopying was introduced by in 1959, and it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, and other. Photocopying is widely used in the business, education, and government sectors. While there have been predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers increase their use of digital document creation, storage and distribution, and rely less on distributing actual pieces of paper, as of 2015, photocopiers continue to be widely used.
In the 2010s, there is a convergence in some high-end machines between the roles of a photocopier, a machine, a, and a computer network-connected into a. Lower-end machines that can copy and print in color have increasingly dominated the home-office market as their prices fell steadily through 2017. Higher-end color photocopiers capable of handling heavy duty cycles and large-format printing remain a costlier specialty for print and design shops. Contents. History , the inventor of photocopying, was originally a, as well as a part-time researcher and inventor. His job at the in required him to make a large number of copies of important papers. Carlson, who was, found this to be a painful and tedious process.
This motivated him to conduct experiments with photo conductivity. Carlson used his kitchen for his ' experiments, and, in 1938, he applied for a patent for the process. He made the first photocopy using a plate covered with. The words '10-22-38 Astoria' were written on a slide, which was placed on top of more sulfur and under a bright light. After the slide was removed, a mirror image of the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his invention to some companies, but failed because the process was still underdeveloped. At the time, multiple copies were most commonly made at the point of document origination, using or manual duplicating machines, and people did not see the need for an electronic machine.
Between 1939 and 1944, Carlson was turned down by over 20 companies, including and —neither of which believed there was a significant market for copiers. In 1944, the, a non-profit organization in, contracted with Carlson to refine his new process. Over the next five years, the institute conducted experiments to improve the process of electrophotography.
Photocopy Machine Maintenance Manual Pdf
In 1947, Haloid Corporation (a small New York-based manufacturer and seller of photographic paper) approached Battelle to obtain a license to develop and market a copying machine based on this technology. Ktm 250f manual. Haloid felt that the word 'electrophotography' was too complicated and did not have good recall value.
After consulting a professor of classical language at, Haloid and Carlson changed the name of the process to ',' which was derived from words that meant 'dry writing.' Haloid called the new copier machines 'Xerox Machines' and, in 1948, the word 'Xerox' was.
Haloid eventually changed its name to. In 1949, Xerox Corporation introduced the first xerographic copier called the Model A. Xerox became so successful that, in, photocopying came to be popularly known as 'xeroxing.' Xerox has actively fought to prevent 'Xerox' from becoming a.
While the word 'Xerox' has appeared in some dictionaries as a synonym for photocopying, Xerox Corporation typically requests that such entries be modified, and that people not use the term 'Xerox' in this way. Some languages include hybrid terms, such as the widely used term kserokopia ('xerocopy'), even though relatively few photocopiers are of the Xerox brand. In the early 1950s, (RCA) introduced a variation on the process called, whereby images are formed directly on specially coated paper and rendered with a toner dispersed in a liquid. During the 1960s and through the 1980s, developed and sold a line of liquid-toner copiers that implemented a technology based on patents held by the company.
Before the widespread adoption of xerographic copiers, photo-direct copies produced by machines such as 's Verifax were used. A primary obstacle associated with the pre-xerographic copying technologies was the high cost of supplies: a Verifax print required supplies costing USD $0.15 in 1969, while a Xerox print could be made for USD $0.03 including paper and labor. The coin-operated still found in some public libraries in the late 1960s made letter-size copies for USD $0.25 each, at a time when the minimum wage for a US worker was USD $1.65 per hour; the Xerox machines that replaced them typically charged USD $0.10. Xerographic copier manufacturers took advantage of a high perceived-value of the 1960s and early 1970s, and marketed paper that was 'specially designed' for xerographic output. By the end of the 1970s, paper producers made xerographic 'runability' one of the requirements for most of their office paper brands. DADF or Duplex Automatic Document feeder - Canon IR6000 Some devices sold as photocopiers have replaced the drum-based process with or transfer film technology. Among the key advantages of photocopiers over earlier copying technologies are their ability:.
to use plain (untreated) office paper,. to implement (or two-sided) printing,. Able to scan several pages automatically with an, and. eventually, to sort and/or output. Color photocopiers Colored toner became available in the 1950s, although full-color copiers were not commercially available until released the Color-in-Color copier in 1968, which used a process rather than conventional electrostatic technology.
The first electrostatic color copier was released by Xerox (the 6500) in 1973. Color photocopying is a concern to, as it facilitates and other documents: for more information, see section. Digital technology There is an increasing trend for new photocopiers to adopt technology, thus replacing the older technology.
With digital copying, the copier effectively consists of an integrated and. This design has several advantages, such as automatic image quality enhancement and the ability to 'build jobs' (that is, to scan page images independently of the process of printing them). Some digital copiers can function as high-speed scanners; such models typically offer the ability to send documents via email or to make them available on file servers. A great advantage of digital copier technology is 'automatic digital.' For example, when copying a set of 20 pages 20 times, a digital copier scans each page only once, then uses the stored information to produce 20 sets.
In an analog copier, either each page is scanned 20 times (a total of 400 scans), making one set at a time, or 20 separate output trays are used for the 20 sets. Low-end copiers also use technology, but tend to consist of a standard PC scanner coupled to an inkjet or low-end laser printer, both of which are far slower than their counterparts in high-end copiers.
However, low-end scanner-inkjets can provide color copying at a lower purchase price but with a much higher cost per copy. The cost of electronics is such that combined scanner-printers sometimes have built-in fax machines. (See.) How it works (using xerography).
Charging: cylindrical drum is electrostatically charged by a high voltage wire called a corona wire or a charge roller. The drum has a coating of a material. A photoconductor is a that becomes conductive when exposed to light. Exposure: A bright lamp illuminates the original document, and the white areas of the original document reflect the light onto the surface of the photoconductive drum.
The areas of the drum that are exposed to light become conductive and therefore discharge to the ground. The area of the drum not exposed to light (those areas that correspond to black portions of the original document) remains negatively charged.
Developing: The is positively charged. When it is applied to the drum to develop the image, it is attracted and sticks to the areas that are negatively charged (black areas), just as paper sticks to a balloon with a static charge. Transfer: The resulting toner image on the surface of the drum is transferred from the drum onto a piece of paper with a higher negative charge than the drum. Fusing: The toner is melted and bonded to the paper by heat and pressure rollers.
A negative photocopy inverts the colors of the document when creating a photocopy, resulting in letters that appear white on a black background instead of black on a white background. Negative photocopies of old or faded documents sometimes produce documents which have better focus and are easier to read and study. Copyright issues Photocopying material that is subject to (such as books or scientific papers) is subject to restrictions in most countries. This is common practice, as the cost of purchasing a book for the sake of one article or a few pages can be excessive. The principle of (in the United States) or (in other countries) allows copying for certain specified purposes. In certain countries, such as, some pay royalties from each photocopy made at university copy machines and copy centers to out of the revenues from the photocopying, and these collectives distribute resulting funds to various scholarly publishers. In the United States, photocopied compilations of articles, handouts, graphics, and other information called readers are often required texts for college classes.
Either the instructor or the copy center is responsible for clearing copyright for every article in the reader, and attribution information must be clearly included in the reader. Counterfeiting To counter the risk of people using color copiers to create copies of paper currency, some countries have incorporated anti-counterfeiting technologies into their currency.
Canon Photocopy Machine Repair Manual
These include watermarks, microprinting, tiny security strips made of plastic (or other material), and ink that appears to change color as the currency is viewed at an angle. Some photocopying machines contain special that can prevent copying currency that contains a. Color copying also raises concerns regarding the copying and/or forging of other documents as well, such as driver's licenses and university degrees and transcripts.
Some driver's licenses are made with embedded holograms so that a police officer can detect a fake copy. Some university and college transcripts have special anti-copying in the background. If a copy is made, the watermarks will become highly visible, which allows the recipient to determine that they have a copy rather than a genuine original transcript. Health issues Exposure to is a concern. In the early days of photocopiers, the sensitizing light source was filtered green to match the optimal sensitivity of the photoconductive surface. This filtering conveniently removed all ultraviolet.
Currently, a variety of light sources are used. As transmits ultraviolet rays between 325 and 400 nanometers, copiers with ultraviolet-producing lights such as fluorescent, halogen, or flash, expose documents to some ultraviolet. Concerns about emissions from photocopy machines have been expressed by some in connection with the use of and emissions of and fumes from heated toner. Forensic identification.
Main article: Similar to of, and copiers can be traced by imperfections in their output. The mechanical tolerances of the toner and paper feed mechanisms cause, which can reveal information about the individual device's mechanical properties. It is often possible to identify the manufacturer and brand, and, in some cases, the individual printer can be identified from a set of known printers by comparing their outputs. Some high-quality color printers and copiers embed their identification code into the printed pages, as fine and almost invisible patterns of yellow dots. Some sources identify and as companies doing this. The (EFF) has investigated this issue and documented how the Xerox DocuColor printer's serial number, as well as the date and time of the printout, are encoded in a repeating 8×15 dot pattern in the yellow channel.
Is working to reverse engineer additional printers. The EFF also reports that the US government has asked these companies to implement such a tracking scheme, so that can be traced. The EFF has filed a request in order to look into privacy implications of this tracking. See also. References. Retrieved 28 September 2017. Xerox Corporation.
Retrieved 28 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017. Archived from on 2008-12-11.
Retrieved 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2009-11-20. London Hazards Centre.
Archived from (PDF) on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2009-11-20. National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers (NASUWT). July 27, 2009. Archived from (PDF) on July 19, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2011. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Jason Tuohey (2004-11-22). Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Wilbert de Vries (2004-10-26). Retrieved 2009-11-20. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2009-11-20. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Electronic Frontier Foundation. Further reading Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Schaffert: Electrophotography., 1975. Owen, David (August 2004).
Copies in Seconds: How a Lone Inventor and an Unknown Company Created the Biggest Communication Breakthrough Since Gutenberg: Chester Carlson and the Birth of the Xerox Machine.